581 research outputs found
Defective pro-IL-1beta responses in macrophages from aged mice
BACKGROUND: Cytokines regulated by the inflammasome pathway have been extensively implicated in various age-related immune pathologies. We set out to elucidate the contribution of the nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway to the previously described deficiencies in IL-1beta production by macrophages from aged mice. We examined the production of pro-IL-1beta and its conversion into IL-1beta as two separate steps and compared these cytokine responses in bone marrow derived macrophages from young (6-8 weeks) and aged (18-24 months) C57BL/6 mice.
FINDINGS: Relative to macrophages from young mice, macrophages from aged mice produced less pro-IL-1beta after TLR4 stimulation with LPS. However upon activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome with ATP, macrophages from young and aged mice were able to efficiently convert and secrete intracellular pro-cytokines as functional cytokines.
CONCLUSIONS: Lower levels of IL-1beta production are a result of slower and lower overall production of pro-IL-1beta in macrophages from aged mice
рд░реЗрддреАрд▓реЗ рдЭреАрдВрдЧрд╛ рдордЫрд▓рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреА рдЙрдЪреНрдЪ рд╕рдШрдирддрд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдкрд╛рд▓рди рд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛
рдХреГрдкрдпрд╛ рдкреВрд░рд╛ рд▓реЗрдЦрд╛ рдкрдв
рдЭреАрдВрдЧреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рд░реЗрддреАрд▓реЗ рдЭреАрдВрдЧреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдкрд╛рд▓рди рдХреА рд╕рдВрднрд╛рд╡рдирд╛
рдХреГрдкрдпрд╛ рдкреВрд░рд╛ рд▓реЗрдЦрд╛ рдкрдв
Pathwise Sensitivity Analysis in Transient Regimes
The instantaneous relative entropy (IRE) and the corresponding instanta-
neous Fisher information matrix (IFIM) for transient stochastic processes are
pre- sented in this paper. These novel tools for sensitivity analysis of
stochastic models serve as an extension of the well known relative entropy rate
(RER) and the corre- sponding Fisher information matrix (FIM) that apply to
stationary processes. Three cases are studied here, discrete-time Markov
chains, continuous-time Markov chains and stochastic differential equations. A
biological reaction network is presented as a demonstration numerical example
Three-dimensional anatomical accuracy of cranial models created by rapid prototyping techniques validated using a neuronavigation station
In neurosurgery and ear, nose and throat surgery the application of computerised navigation systems for guiding operations has been expanding rapidly. However, suitable models to train surgeons in using navigation systems are not yet available. We have developed a technique using an industrial, rapid prototyping process from which accurate spatial models of the cranium, its contents and pathology can be reproduced for teaching. We were able to register, validate and navigate using these models with common available navigation systems such as the Medtronic StealthStation S7 (R). (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down
Structural characterization, antioxidant and anti-uropathogenic potential of biogenic silver nanoparticles using brown seaweed Turbinaria ornata
Alternative treatment strategies for urinary tract infections (UTIs) are becoming more necessary due to increasing drug resistance patterns in uropathogens. Nanoparticle-based therapeutics is emerging as a way to treat UTIs. In the present study, using Turbinaria ornata extract, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized, characterized, and their anti-uropathogenic activity was evaluated. The stability and formation of synthesized To-AgNPs were confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and DLS. An FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of seaweed functional groups in To-AgNPs, a XRD analysis confirmed their crystalline nature, and SEM imaging confirmed their spherical nature with an average size of 73.98 nm with diameters ranging from 64.67 to 81.28 nm. This was confirmed by TEM results. DLS determined that the cumulant hydrodynamic diameter of To-AgNPs was 128.3 nm with a PdI of 0.313 and the zeta potential value were found to be тАУ63.3 mV which indicates the To-AgNPs are negatively charged and more stable. DPPH assays were used to assess the antioxidant activity of biosynthesized To-AgNPs, while an agar well diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial activity against uropathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The To-AgNPs showed the highest susceptibility to S. aureus (15.75 ┬▒ 0.35 mm) and E. coli (15 ┬▒ 0.7 mm) with MIC values of 0.0625 and 0.125 mg/ml, respectively in macro broth dilution method and observed considerable membrane damage under CLSM and SEM. To-AgNPs displayed stronger antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, suggesting they may be developed as a new class of antimicrobial agents for treating UTIs
рдЪреЗрдиреНрдирдИ рдХреЗ рддрдЯреАрдп рд╕рдореБрджреНрд░ рдореЗрдВ рд░рд╣рдиреЗрд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рд╕рдореБрджреНрд░ рдЬреАрд╡реЛрдВ рдХреА рд▓рд╡рдг рд╕рд╣реНрдпрддрд╛
рдХреГрдкрдпрд╛ рдкреВрд░рд╛ рд▓реЗрдЦрд╛ рдкрдв
Minimum Legal Size proposed for commercially exploited marine finfish and shellfish resources of Tamil Nadu
Marine fisheries in Tamil Nadu have undergone
tremendous change in terms of fishing pattern, fishing
method, extension of fishing grounds, composition
of fish catch and consequent increase in the total
fish catch in recent years. The recent demand from
industries involved in fish meal and fish oil encourages
targeted fishing for by-catch resulting in heavy landing
of low value by-catch in certain places along Tamil
Nadu coast. These by-catch are often dominated by
juveniles of many commercially important marine
finfishes and shell fishes. So it warrants some caution
and intervention. One of the methods to discourage
the indiscriminate exploitation of juveniles is to
impose a Minimum Legal Size (MLS) which is the size
at which a particular species can be legally retained
if caught. The advantage of a MLS is that it aids in
the control of two major problems in the fisheries
management, growth overfishing and recruitment
overfishing either by increasing the minimum size of
harvest or by increasing or maintaining the size of
the spawning stock. The most common method of
increasing the reproductive output through the use
of size limits is to set the minimum size at which the
females become sexually mature. As the individuals
of a species do not attain sexual maturity at the same
size, it can be a size at which higher proportions are
mature
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